Damper shock
absorber or simply damper is device that is designed for providing
absorption of shock and smooth deceleration in linear motion applications.
The dampers can be either mechanical or rely on a fluid. Dampers like other
shock absorber absorbs shock by controlling the flow of the fluid from outer
to inner chamber of a cylinder during piston actuation. The damper shock
absorbers can be adjusted to different road conditions and provides good
balance to the vehicles.
Features of Damper Shock Absorbers
Some of the important features of the damper shock absorbers are:
- They have good adjustable configuration.
- The force capacity can be reduced by letting out the gas.
- The position of the dampers can be locked easily either at the ends
or at the middle of the stroke.
- In case of fluid dampers, valve is used for increasing or decreasing
fluid volume or pressure.
Buying Tips
Damper shock absorber is an important device that should be chosen keeping
various factors in mind. After all it is the question of comfort and the
control. The most important thing is the application that is whether you are
purchasing for lighter vehicle or for the heavy vehicle. For both types,
different types of dampers with different weight are available. There are
different types of dampers that are available in the market like twin tube
dampers, monotube single wall dampers, gas charged dampers etc. As per your
requirement you can choose the one amoung the above. The width of the
cylinder or its diameter, the diameter of the rod, mounting, and the
material out of which the body of the damper is constructed should be also
looked into before you make up your mind for buying dampers.
Types of Damper Shock Absorber
Mono Tube Damper
Mono tube damper consists of two valves. One of the valves get opened
when the damper compresses the other when it extends. Over small/low
speed bumps, larger orifices allow greater oil output. In multiple high
speed bumps the components in the valving is actuated for making the
orifice smaller thereby reducing the oil output which not only gives
better control but also keeps the tyre in contact with the ground. |
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Twin-tube Damper
Twin tube damper work effectively where there is limited working space.
The tubes are designed with smaller diameter. The damper makes the use
of two valves which increases the effectiveness of the damper. One of
the valve is fitted with piston rod whereas the other valve is built
into the inner tube bas. The valve fitted with the piston rod deals with
the rebound control and the inner tube valve deals with bump control.
The oil is forced in the outer reservoir in bump mode whereas in the
rebound mode, it is pushed through the piston-mounted valve. |
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Low-pressure gas-filled twin-tube damper
In low pressure gas filled twin tube damper, the air is replaced by the
gas usually with Nitrogen gas. The air in the damper mixes with the oil
and results in the aeration of the oil and hence foaming thereby
reducing the overall performance of the damper. The nitrogen gas
prevents this aeration and foaming and improves the performance of the
damper. |
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High-pressure Gas-filled Mono-tube Damper
High-pressure gas-filled mono-tube damper not only eliminates the bump
but also gives rebound control. Due to this the damper is designed with
quality components. Th nitrogen is used in place of air. The nitrogen is
inserted under high pressure at the base of the damper. Oil and the gas
is separated by the floating piston. The design is capable of improving
the performance by eliminating the aeration and foaming. Using superior
valve and better design, 'self adjusting' damper can be produced. The
sleek design with mono tube also eliminates the problem of tyre rubbing.
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Linear Damper
Linear damper is used as a secondary suspension element for different types
of vehicles. This damper is used mostly in place of passive dampers that are
used in seat suspensions. The diameter of the damper vary according to the
requirement and applications. The valve of the linear damper is magnetically
controlled. The valve is located in the internal piston and regulates the
flow of MR fluid within the damper. Linear damper like shock absorbers can
be hydraulic, air, gas spring, or elastomeric. The linear damper too works
in both the compression and the extension cycle. Before purchasing linear
damper, one should test it on the following parameters like absorber stroke,
extended length, maximum force (P1), compressed length, and maximum cycles
per minute.
